One of the most significant issues discussed in human habitats, which is of special and particular importance is the outlook toward the habitat and vernacular issues. Ignoring various social, cultural, political, economic and vernacular issues of each habitat will cause planning in that habitat to encounter unsolvable challenges. Therefore it seems that we should start somewhere for every shortterm or long - term strategic planning for various habitats. The biological specifications as well as the potential and actual social and natural capabilities of each region are among the priorities in studying each habitat. A primary introduction with tradition and habitat as well as distinctions, semantic and functional sharing of them can make a well - strengthened back ground in this regard.Applying the scientific techniques while at the same time, considering the feasibility of the field being studied can create a special sample of the norms which is in accordance with its basic function. In the case of Architecture, by considering the land (habitat) while balancing the requirements of the users including culture and temperament and on the contrary, considering the fact that it constantly induces the past tradition while it’s emphasizing the fact that today is the past of tomorrow and it will become a pattern in the habitat, will eventually create an integration called an Architecture with identity. As a result we can say that habitat is born from tradition and tradition is born from habitat. Whenever they act beside each other, only one of them emerges faster than the other and that is why the Architecture is called vernacular and traditional.The present research made by the help of library studies and fundamental analysis, tries to point out the development of Architecture from tradition to habitat and from habitat to tradition.This will eventually show that the habitat is the outcome of the tradition and tradition is born by habitat and the two together by considering the time, name the traditional and vernacular Architecture. It is hoped that this study could be successful in taking a step in introducing the cognitive factors of vernacular and traditional Architectures and removing any probable similarities and contradictions in this regard. We hope this study can be a help in creating the Architecture with identity coordinated with the community.

Background and Objectives: Increasing fossil fuel consumption, on the one hand, along with their non-renewable nature, escalating costs, and the destructive environmental and economic effects of energy consumption, on the other hand, increase the need to use passive systems in buildings. One of the effective solutions to reduce energy consumption and consumption of fossil fuels in the building and also to reduce its adverse environmental effects (increasing greenhouse gas emissions) is the use of passive energy. The facade of residential buildings, as the main mediator between indoor and outdoor space, is an important element in controlling sunlight to the interior and reducing energy consumption. Two important strategies to improve the thermal performance of the building facade include shading devices that reduce annual energy consumption and provide better protection against glare. The second solution aims to investigate the effect of heat transfer or heat resistance of materials used in the building facade by controlling the effects of solar radiation and designing the facade under climate conditions, and reducing the heat transfer by choosing the right materials that can reduce the amount of domestic energy demand. The shape of the building, the orientation of the building, its external and internal walls and materials, the thermal insulation of the facade, the dimensions of the window, the ratio of the window to the wall, and the external shading device can be introduced as effective parameters in reducing energy consumption. Improving the performance of building facades is possible through facade materials, shading devices, and window-to-wall ratio structure. It is important to carry out practical investigations into the thermal efficiency of building facades in order to decrease the amount of energy used for cooling and heating buildings, which represents a significant portion of the world’s energy consumption. As a result, an architectural strategy that focuses on morphology (specifically, architectural morphology) should be examined. Methods: In the hot and humid climate of Bushehr, the most significant climatic condition is excessive heat. Therefore, it is crucial to research climate-based solutions that can manage the transmission of undesirable heat and lessen the cooling requirements. This study focuses on exploring the thermal efficiency and the transfer of heat caused by solar radiation through building facades in the hot and humid climate of Bushehr. Additionally, it examines the impact of facade design strategies inspired by Bushehr’s native Architecture on decreasing the indoor temperature of the building. The research variables that were examined include wooden shading devices (horizontal, vertical, lattice), porches, deep windows, facade materials, and window-to-wall ratio. Each variable has an effect on various types of energy consumption, such as electricity, heat, heating energy, and cooling, which were analyzed in the study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between independent and dependent variables and analyze their impact on each other. The study involved simulating each building for all twelve months of the year. This simulation included assessing the amount of solar radiation absorbed by building surfaces, its transfer to the interior, and the resulting cooling load demand. The findings are presented through separate diagrams. In the first step, the behavioral pattern of the building facade with respect to the north-south openness was examined to control and reduce the amount of sunlight received and also to reduce the indoor air temperature subsequently, the study extracted general patterns from indigenous facade components that were related to the structure and function of shading devices, facade materials, and their openings. To understand the historical context of shading devices in Bushehr, the various types of shades present in the buildings of this region were classified, and the different shading solutions used in Bushehr were identified. In line with the purpose of the research, it is necessary to test different types of shading devices as research variables. Then check the type of materials and the dimensions of the openings used in the facades. Findings: To address the research questions, separate simulations were conducted to evaluate the thermal performance of shading devices, window-to-wall ratio, and facade materials in an apartment building. The optimal variable to reduce the cooling load was selected and applied to the building, and its thermal behavior to improve the thermal performance of future buildings in hot and humid climates was studied as the optimal building. The simulation was performed using Design Builder software with Energy Plus simulator engine and Climate Consultant software version 55 and Ashrae thermal comfort model. The findings indicate that the most efficient facade configuration comprises of vertical blinds, lattice windows, and a white cement facade, which resulted in a cooling load reduction of up to 38% and a total load reduction of up to 33% for the building. Conclusion: The simulation results reveal that the optimal building configuration outperformed both the basic research model and local models on selected days throughout the year, in terms of load testing. This highlights the importance of implementing local solutions in the Architecture of hot and humid climates.

According to IPCC report 2013, the role of man in environmental catastrophe is incontrovertible because of high greenhouse emission in now and recent century. Buildings nearly discharge one third of these pollutants and the task of architects to prevent this hazardous procedure is critical. On the other hand, one main basis of sustainability is education in order to preserve environment and then, training curriculum of Architecture discipline, in climate change conditions, should revise. The new training approach establish on holistic and meditative design. Experience of students should sometimes occur in natural workshops with concern to the ecosystem, biodiversity preserving, low cost, and recyclable materials, renewable energies, passive and vernacular contexts. The integrated design process, as participating all of factors, substitutes the unilateralism in thinking design. This article was conducted to content analyze the scientific documents and comparative study on training methods for Architecture discipline in Iran.

This paper examines in detail the little-known Friday Mosque (masjid-i jāmi‘) of Firdaus, located southwest of the Khurasan, which has had a key role in developing Saljuq Architecture in the area. The original scheme of the mosque was unclear. The lofty īwān and two flanking dome chambers on the west (qibla) side of the courtyard are the central core of the mosque. The main aim of the article is to analyse the Architecture of the mosque and demonstrate its association with the architectural style of the Saljuq mosque in the Khurasan area.  During the conservation and restoration measures in 2006, some fresh materials were unearthed. The new findings shed light on the original features of the mosque and revealed its formation. The paper describes the city's history, defines its architectural characteristics, and then analyses the present information for replying to the research questions. Owing to the outcomes of the archaeological investigation, the study suggests the general scheme of the mosque as a further example of the two- īwān mosque, which may be dated to the late years of the 6th /12th century. Despite the importance of the mosque, no lengthy study has been published about the building. The accurate drawing of the plan and sections of this monument, with the proposal scheme for the reconstruction of the mosque, are being published in this paper for the first time.

Avoiding nature and natural systems in the daily life of urban people is considered as one of the most important concerns of contemporary times. Architectural and urban spaces should be an area for direct contact with the natural world; a world that is born in the context of primitive nature and includes a set of natural factors and processes. Unfortunately, the contemporary world, due to the avoidance of ecosystems and natural processes, does not have any consequences for humans, except numerous environmental problems, impoverished urban spaces, and the presence of Architectures that are not adapted to the natural needs of mankind. Housing is one of the most important architectural spaces that have suffered serious damage during the process of industrialization and modernization. Housing as one of the real phenomena, is one of the first issues that humankind has always been trying to transform and find a meaningful answer to it, because housing is considered as one of the basic needs of every human being, and indeed one of his basic needs after food and clothing. Therefore, attention to housing is important not only as a shelter, but also as an area that can provide the necessary conditions for individual development of each family member, as well as their mental and emotional needs. One of the solutions to improving the quality of residential environment of the present era is using new Architectures such as ecologic and biophilic. These Architectures can be responsive to the mental and emotional needs of contemporary humans due to their relationship with the nature and to some extent provide favorable conditions for the lives of applicants for housing. The method used in this study based on its purpose is applied research method, and based on its nature, is descriptive-analytic research and data collection is based on the study of library resources and their content analysis. The results of this research indicate that by localizing the principles and criteria of ecologic and biophilic Architecture based on the quality indicators of housing in Iran and applying these native principles in the design and implementation of residential complexes, their qualitative status can be upgraded, and also provided more favorable conditions for the inhabitants of these complexes.

Miankaleh’s peninsula and wetland located in the Mazandaran province at the north of Iran and as an indicator Ecosystem is recognized one of the world's valuable wetlands in the list of Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands so that a certificate and special profile is provided from UNESCO for Miankaleh. Construction and implemented projects has been done regardless of the special Miankaleh peninsula ecosystem so that its environment endangered. This paper is aims to review and provide Ecological architectural design guidelines to help set minimum Ecological footprint approach for wetland mitigation and achieving of an improved design framework in the Miankaleh Wetland. Therefore Ecological architectural design is necessary for maintain wetland’s ecosystem. The main objective of this study is analyzing and providing solutions to reduce the environmental impact of Miankaleh wetland’s ecosystems. This is a descriptive-analytic paper and it is done to investigate Ecological requirements of buildings architectural design of Miankaleh wetland’s ecosystems. The statistical society was selected of 100 individuals from experts based on systematic random sampling method. Data was questionnaire and its validity and reliability using Cronbach Alpha (0.72) criteria. Data collected have been analyzed with SPSS software and statistical tests such as one-sample T-Test and Regression. T-Test results were indicated the Ecological requirements of buildings architectural design are significant with 95% confidence at the Miankaleh wetland’s ecosystems.

Ecological-Landscape development is proposed as a mature form of Ecological-Landscape Urbanism which is a recent discourse in Western Architecture and urbanism whose roots can be traced back to environmental movements in the past century. In this regard, Ecological-landscape development opens new horizons for contemporary cities by relying on conceptual frameworks such as landscape as a building block of the city, landscape ecology, and ecosystem services, where the difference between natural and built environment pales and the city is conceptualized as an ecosystem including humans. It can be stated that it departs from conventional urbanism approaches that are mostly based on modern views in many ways, and introduces a novel method of shaping the built environment. On the other hand, by dissecting the tenets and major approaches of this school, a high degree of commonality with Eastern Architecture and urbanism, especially Iranian Architecture, can be identified. This can be acknowledged as the point where Western Architecture and urbanism meet Iranian Architecture, as well as a solution to its continuity and development in today’s world. Using an analytical-descriptive approach, this paper seeks to analyze the concepts, roots, and patterns hidden within this branch as the outcome of the synergy between the two schools of landscape urbanism and Ecological urbanism, and propose a manifesto, albeit incomplete. Then, it introduces its common features with Iranian Architecture and urbanism under concepts such as gradual development and integrity, fusion with nature, multidisciplinary knowledge, connectivity with politics, and ecology.

Humble look to the profession of Architecture has reduced the position and identity of Iranian Architecture in recent years. Due to the blind and extensive imitation of the Western culture over the design in Architecture, we are facing buildings with non-Iranian identities that have hurt urban and rural landscapes. The buildings that create no feeling of belonging due to the imitation of Western style Architecture.The main point of this research is the use of site layers in designing process and combining them with different understandings of completely Iranian identity. This is the story of how the final design is affected by each layer and how the proposed model connects the past, the present and the future. In this way, by identifying the subjective - objective layers in the environment such as ecology and geography, we are looking for a plan to meet all the present parameters and give a proper identity simultaneously. The purpose is how to use quantitative - qualitative models in parametric design process under Meta system. Ecological-orientation has been selected as Meta system in this project. This means that all conscious and unconscious processes are filtered by Ecological factors and then take place in the design process. The principles of this research are parametric Architecture exploiting in design process of Ecological-regional models using quantitative-qualitative cognitive maps. The Maranjab Desert is selected as a sample and the studies have been performed. After recognizing the existing layers in the natural site, the layers of both appearance and semantic are analyzed and then converted to the comprehensible elements including point, line and surface of each layer using AutoCAD software. The extracted layers are then combined with the cognitive layers of the designer mind. Combining of extracted site layers is based on the influence of different layers on each other. In every combination, one layer is an indicator and effects on the final output. There are more choices in this method for a designer. Each layer indicator makes a different geometry than its previous plan. In part of the decision-making process, the "Accidence concept" has also been considered. The paradigms are resulted by the designer decision and conscious "Accidence concept" which is also controlled by the designer. The process is interactive and reciprocal. Due to its planning subject and physical program, "scaling" process decides about the sub-space of the layers and influence on the combinations.This method is designed to explore the potential ecology and revival of traditional concepts. It is also used in the archetype in the parametric process to create a single consistent model with the aggregation of the mentioned items. The research methods are descriptive-analytical and quantitative-qualitative.

A Study of Geometry in Islamic Architecture by Professor Golroo Najibaaghlou is a valuable work in the field of Islamic Architecture. This book has a detailed preface, a brief introduction, and five main sections. As it is known from the introduction of the book, this book was originally written for a non-Iranian audience. The first purpose of writing this book is to try to moderate public belief about geometry and the stages of compilation and discussion in Islamic Architecture. Another purpose is to correct the negative view of the geometric documentation of Islamic Architecture in the West, because such a view has created a kind of reluctance to equate the works of Islamic Architecture with the great works of classical Western Architecture. In addition, Najibaaghlou wants to reject and respond to Western criticism that reduces Islamic Architecture to the level of an unedited work. In the final chapter of the book, Najibaaghlou looks at the compiled documents of Islamic Architecture from a Western perspective and highlights some of the missed points of geometric sciences, including clarifying conceptualization, recording, and transferring architectural design in the Islamic world.

Due to the history of nomadic life, Lorestan province has been the place of implementation of settlements for nomads. Despite the importance of this topic, unfortunately, these centers are affected by many challenges and the gap in conducting detailed and systematic studies in this field is significant. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the new pattern of housing construction in the studied nomadic settlement, with an Ecological approach based on their way of life. The innovation of this research is that by emphasizing on ecology, it examines the damages that threaten these centers and helps designers and users to take necessary measures in future plans to eliminate the vulnerability of settlements of established nomads. This research has a qualitative nature with an ethnographic approach. Data were collected from documentary and field studies. In the field method, direct observation and semi-structured interview technique are used. The results of the research show that the new model of housing construction in the study center has many damages and anomalies such as social, cultural, economic, mental, psychological, spatial, physical, functional, image and landscape. Other characteristics include lack of attention to sensory richness, lack of attention to identity elements and the habits of the residents, the incompatibility of the built environment with the way of life of the residents, also the lack of feeling at home, the incompatibility of function-meaning, and the lack of attention to personal and social privacy.